u^^&^^s..^ 






MINUTES OF Pi MEETING 



OF THK 



BOARD OF TRUSTEES 



OF THE 



UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI 



JIELD AT 



Jackson, Mississippi, October 26, 1870. 



J.obT.-^VlLLE, KY: 

PI-MXI I i ] , '.;-iX 1'. MORTON AND COMJ'A:, ., .56 W. [SIAIV '-^T 

1870. 



MINUTES OF A MEETING 



OF THE 



BOARD OF TRUSTEES 



OF THE 



UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI 



HELD AT 



Jackson, Mississippi, October 26, 1870. 



LOUISVILLE, KY: 
PRINTED BY JOHN P. MORTON AND COMPANY, 156 W. MAIN ST. 

1870. 






\ 



MINUTES. 



Pursuant to a call of His Excellency, the Governor of the State, 
and ex-qfficio President of the Board of Trustees of the University of 
Mississippi, the Board met at Jackson this day. 

On calling the roll, the following members of the Board answered 
to their names, viz. : 

His Excellency, J. L. Alcorn, President of the Board. 
J. A. Lyon, J. Tarbell, A. Warner, 

H. F. SiMRALL, A. M. West, Jno. Duncan, 

Tho. E. B. Pegues, Secretary. 

A special report from the Chancellor of the University was pre- 
sented, and by request read by the Chancellor, who was present. 

On motion of Mr. West, the report was received, and referred to 
the Executive Committee. 

The committee appointed, under a resolution of the Board at its 
meeting in August last, to take into consideration the subject of a 
change from the close college to the university system, through its 
chairman. Dr. J. A. Lyon, made the following report (Appendix, 
No. i), which was read and received, and after discussion adopted, 
with the following preamble and resolutions : 

Whereas, the University of Mississippi was originally founded for the advance- 
ment of the cause of education in its most enlarged sense, and for the benefit of the 
present and future generations of our youth, and thus for the elevation and culture 
of our people in arts, science, literature, and morals ; and whereas, during the period 
of its existence as an institution of learning, now reaching over a space of nearly a 
quarter century, its sphere of operations and field of usefulness have been limited, 
by circumstances beyond the control of the authorities, so as never yet to have 
developed the idea of an institution of the higher learning, such as is demanded by 
modern life, but has been confined to the narrow limits of the close college system, 
thus failing to fulfill the expectations and satisfy the desires of those for whom it was 
established ; and whereas, the voice of a discerning public is everywhere demanding 
that the area of its operations shall be enlarged so as to open its portals for the 
admission of applicants for every form of scholastic training, both of a theoretical 
and practical character ; and whereas, it is believed that the times are propitious for 



4 Minutes of a Meeting of the 

the consummation of the long- cherished purpose to change the system of this insti- 
tution from the close college to the university proper ; therefore be it 

Resolved, that it is the sense of this Board of Trustees that the following shall 
be adopted as the plan for the future operation of the University of Mississippi : 

Firsts there shall be included in the plan three general departments, viz. : 

1. A Department of Preparatory Education. 

2. A Department of Science, Literature, and the Arts. 

3. A Department of Professional Education. 

Under the first of these general departments is included a University High 
School, in which shall be taught all those branches of study that are preliminary to 
the University courses ; viz., English, Latin, Greek, and Mathematics, together with 
a course of Commercial Science, including Penmanship and Book-keeping. 

Under the second of these general departments there shall be included six 
distinct courses of study, four of which shall be for undergraduates, and shall be 
parallel courses, and two of them shall be post-graduate courses. 

The four parallel courses for undergraduates shall be designated and described 
as follows : 

I. The course for Bachelor of Arts, requiring for its completion four years, and 
embracing the studies following : 

For the first year : — English, Latin, Greek, and Mathematics. 

For the second year : — English, Latin, Greek, Mathematics, History, and Physics. 

For the third year : — Physics, Metaphysics, Rhetoric, Greek, Latin, French, and 
Chemistry. 

For the fourth year: — Optics, Astronomy, Geology, Political Economy, Ethics, 
English Literature, Greek, and French. 

IL The course for Bachelor of Science, requiring three years for its completion, 
and embracing the studies following : 

For \!i\& first year: — English, Latin, Natural History, and Mathematics. 

For the second year : — Mathematics, Physics, Political Economy, History, Eng- 
lish Literature, French, and Ethics. 

For the third year : — Physics, Astronomy, Metaphysics, Chemistry, and Geology. 

IIL The course for Bachelor of Philosophy, requiring for its completion three 
years, and embracing the studies following : 

For the first year : — English Language and Literature, Natural History, and 
Mathematics. 

For the second year : — Mathematics, Physics, Geology, History, and English. 

For the third year : — Physics, Astronomy and Meteorology, Chemistry, Meta- 
physics, Ethics, and Rhetoric. 

IV. The course for Civil Engineering, requiring for its completion four years, 
and embracing the studies following : 

For \}i\^ first year : — English Language and Literature, Natural History, French, 
and Mathematics. 

For the second year : — Mathematics, Drawing, French or German. 

For the third year : — Physics, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Engineering. 

For the fourth year: — Optics, Astronomy, Geology, Engineering, Ethics, and 
History. 



Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi. 5 

The two post-graduate courses shall be as follows : 

I. The course for Master of Arts, requiring one year additional to the course 
for A. B., and embracing, in addition to the studies of that course, an extended course 
in any three of the following, viz., Latin, French, German, Anglo-Saxon, Greek, 
Hebrew, Ethics, Metaphysics, History; on which the candidate must sustain a 
satisfactory examination, and submit an approved thesis. 

II. The course for Doctor of Philosophy, requiring two years additional to the 
course for A. B., and requiring the following additional studies : 

For the first year : — Practical Chemistry, Practical Mineralogy, and Practical 
Botany. 

For the second year: — Practical Geology, Practical Zoology, Practical Astronomy, 
and Practical Chemistry. 

On any three of which the candidate must sustain a satisfactory examination, 
and present an approved thesis. 

Under the third general department there shall be included two professional 
schools, viz. : 

I. A School of Law and Governmental Science. 

II. A School of Medicine and Surgery. 

For the first of these professional schools, when complete in its organization, 
there shall be provided a Faculty of four Professors. 

For the second professional school, when organized, a Faculty sufficiently large 
to meet all demands for this form of professional education. 

The Department of Science, Literature, and the Arts shall be organized with 
the following corps of Professors : 

1. A Chancellor, to instruct in Moral Science and Christian Evidence. 

2. A Professor of Mathematics. 

3. A Professor of the Greek Language and the History of Ancient Literature. 

4. A Professor of the Latin Language. 

5. A Professor of English Literature. 
^. A Professor of Modern Languages. 

7. A Professor of Metaphysics and Logic. 

8. A Professor of History and Political Economy. 

9. A Professor of Physics and Astronomy. 

10. A Professor of Chemistry in all its branches. 

11. A Professor of Mineralogy and Geology. 

12. A Professor of Botany and Zoology. 

13. A Professor of Engineering. 

For the present the seventh and eighth of the above chairs shall be filled by the 
same incumbent ; and in like manner one professor shall discharge the duties of the 
eleventh and twelfth chairs. 

The Chancellor of the University shall be the presiding officer of all the faculties 
in the various departments. 

On motion of Mr. Simrall the following resolution was adopted : 

Resolved, that the parallel courses, as laid down in the report and resolutions, 
be at once put in operation by the present corps of Professors and their assistants, 
as far as practicable ; and that at the opening of the next session the above system 
be fully inaugurated. Additional Professors to be provided as the necessities of the 
University may require. (See Appendix, No. 2.) 



6 Minutes of a Meeting of the 

The letter of Judge Campbell declining the Professorship of Law 
was presented by the Secretary. 

Mr. West moved that the Board do now proceed to the election 
of a Professor of Law. Motion carried. 

Mr. Duncan nominated Mr. Henry Craft for that position. 

Mr. Warner seconded the nomination. 

The ballot being dispensed with, Mr. Craft was unanimously 
elected by acclamation. 

Dr. Lyon presented a memorial from the Hermean Society asking 
an appropriation for repairing damages to their room and furniture ; 
which, on motion of Mr. Warner, was referred to the Executive 
Committee. 

On motion, it was resolved that the Proctor is hereby directed to 
have the needful alterations made on the first floor of the middle hall 
of the northwest Dormitory, known as Lafayette Hall, so as to render 
it suitable for the Reading-room, and to have the necessary furniture 
provided for the room ; and that the second and third stories of the 
same hall be fitted up for the accommodation of the Law Department 
as Lecture and Library-rooms. 

On motion, it was resolved that the salaries of Assistant Professors 
be one thousand dollars per annum instead of one hundred dollars 
per month. 

On motion of Mr. Simrall, it was resolved that Professor Geo. 
Little be invested with the rank and privileges of Professor of Natural 
History and Geology ; he to be paid out of the treasury of the Uni- 
versity an amount which, added to his salary as State Geologist, shall 
be equal to the salaries of the other Professors. 

On motion of Mr. West, the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars 
additional was appropriated for printing the catalogue and for adver- 
tisements. 

Moved by Mr. West that a committee of three be appointed to 
prepare a synopsis of the report of the Committee on Reorganization 
for publication, together with the proceedings of this meeting, so far 
as they think necessary and advisable. 

The Chair announced Messrs. Tarbell, Simrall, and Duncan as the 
committee. 

Mr. Tarbell moved that the Proctor be authorized to purchase a 
suitable clock for the University. Motion carried. 



Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi. 7 

Mr. Duncan moved that the Professor elect of Law be authorized 
to appoint, by and mth the consent of the Executive Committee, an 
assistant or adjunct Professor to act in his stead temporarily, and 
provided that such adjunct be paid by the Professor elect. Motion 
carried. 

Moved by Mr. Tarbell that five hundred copies of the proceedings 
of this meeting, with accompanying reports and documents, be pub- 
lished in pamphlet form. 

A communication from the Faculty to the Board was read by the 
Secretar}^, and on motion of Mr. Tarbell was ordered to be placed 
among the papers and archives of the University. 

Moved by Mr. Tarbell that the Chancellor be authorized to pub- 
lish fifteen hundred copies of the Annual Catalogue at the usual time. 

On motion, the Board adjourned si7ie die. 

J. L. ALCORN, Pres't Board. 
THO. E. B. PEGUES, Secretary. 



APPENDIX, No. 1. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON REORGANIZATION. 

To the Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi : 

Gentlemen, — At a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Uni- 
versity of Mississippi, at Oxford, in August last, " it was moved by- 
Mr. Simrall that it is the sense of this Board that, as early as prac- 
ticable, the system of instruction in this institution should be changed 
from the close college to the university system, and that the papers 
and reports of the Faculty on that subject be referred to a special 
committee of five to report to a meeting of the Board, to be called 
by the President at an early day. Motion adopted. 

"The President announced the committee to be J. A. Lyon, H. F. 
Simrall, John Duncan, A. Warner, J. Tarbell, and Chas. Clark ; and 
by a unanimous vote of the Board the President was added to the 
committee." 

In obedience to the aforesaid action of the Board, your committee 
beg leave respectfully to state, that as this subject had already been 
under deliberate consideration of the Faculty of the Institution, they 
deemed it expedient to avail themselves, in their arduous undertaking, 
of their investigations and experience. They therefore requested the 
Chancellor, as the representative of the Faculty, to embody, in the 
form of a report, the best method, according to their judgment, of 
transforming the Institution into a University proper, in fact as well as 
in name. 

The following is the report prepared by the Chancellor, which your 

committee beg leave respectfully to report as the basis on which and 

according to which the Institution shall be changed from the close 

college to the university system. 

Respectfully submitted. 

J. A. LYON, Chairman. 



10 Appendix. 



Plan for Reorganization of University of Mississippi. 

To the Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi: 

Gentlemen, — There are three general classes into which the 
active portion of any population will naturally be distributed : 

I. Professional me?!^ including Teachers, Lawyers, Physicians, and 
Ministers of the Gospel. 

II. Engineers, Manufacturers, Chemists, Druggists. 

III. Merchants, Partners or Planters, Mechanics. 

Our object should be to furnish an education or mental training 
that will be most nearly adapted to the wants of each of these classes. 
We therefore propose for the first of these classes a course which shall 
embrace a knowledge of the following branches of art and science, 
viz., English, French, Latin, Greek, Mathematics, Physics, Astronom}^, 
Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Zoology, Metaphysics, Logic, 
History, Political Economy, and Moral Science, including the Evi- 
dences of Christianity. 

For the second class we propose a course which shall embrace the 
following: English, French or German, Latin, Mathematics, Physics, 
Astronomy, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Zoology, His- 
tory, Metaphysics, Logic, Political Economy, Moral Science, with 
Mechanics and Civil Engineering. 

For the third class we propose a course embracing the following : 
English, Mathematics, History, Political Economy, Physics, Botany, 
Chemistry, Geology, Moral Science. 

The frst of these courses is the time-honored Bachelor of Arts 
course, and is essential to a professional life, and to a complete schol- 
arship. This also, pursued beyond the undergraduate course, leads 
to the higher degree of Master of Arts. The second differs from the 
first in omitting Greek and introducing Mechanics and Engineering 
proper. The third differs from both the former in these respects, that 
it omits the Languages altogether, and also omits the Mechanics and 
Engineering of the second; pursuing the sciences in a tci^XSio^ popular 
rather than rigorous, experimental rather than theoretical; furnishing the 
facts of science without the mathematical demonstrations. 

In the United States there are four systems of collegiate education 
in operation. 

I. The close college system, which has always prevailed at this 
Institution, and which was the only system originally adopted by 
American colleges, modified by the admission of the class known as 



Appejidix. 1 1 

irregulars, or partial-course students ; this last being a fruitless attempt 
to meet the wants of many who do not desire to take the full course — 
an attempt which is never successful save in the university proper. 

II. The entirely open syste7n, where the student has the election 
of just the studies he desires, and just the amount he wishes, there 
being nothing at all compulsory. This is the best system, no doubt, 
for those who are of advanced age and of matured minds ; but as a 
system adapted to the wants of our people it is open to two objections : 

1. It allows the student to select his studies at an age (sixteen 
years) when he is not at all competent to judge which are best adapted 
to his mind, and what order is best calculated to strengthen and dis- 
cipline his powers. 

2. The system of instruction, mainly by lectures, is not calculated 
to profit such immature minds, which need to be held to a daily rigid 
accountability for the employment of their time, and for the acquire- 
ment of that exact knowledge of proper subjects which can only be 
attained by a strict examination of the student daily on lessons pre- 
viously assigned. 

III. The combination of the two systems of compulsory and elective 
studies^ as attempted at Princeton and Harvard ; making at the former 
the Freshman and Sophomore years compulsory, and the Junior and 
Senior partially elective; while at Harvard the Freshman alone is 
compulsory, the three remaining classes being heretofore partially 
optional, and more recently the idea is entertained of making the 
Senior-class studies entirely elective. This is an attempt to combine 
the advantages of the free and compulsoiy systems in one ; but it 
allows not of sufficient time to develop the merits of either, and is 
still incumbered with the disadvantages of both. 

IV. The system of elective courses with class organizatio7i^ as at the 
University of Michigan. By reference to the catalogue of that insti- 
tution it will be seen that a student applying there for admittance is 
allowed to select one of six courses, but must take all the studies 
of the course he selects if he desires the degree annexed to that 
course. Nor can he drop any given study before he has completed 
the term examination in that study. He can change his course when- 
ever he can pass the required examination for entering the course to 
which he desires to be transferred. There is then in this system 
election of courses^ while all the studies of any course laid down in the 
curriculum must be pursued by the student who has chosen it if he. 
desires a degree. 



12 Appendix, 



I. Department of Science, Literature, and the Arts. 

This fourth system is the one now recommended by the majority 
of the Faculty's committee to be adopted by the Board of Trustees of 
the University of Mississippi, and we do so for the following reasons. 

There exists at this time a necessity for this form of compulsory 
education. It is likely long to continue a necessity in our country, 
arising from the immature age (fourteen to sixteen) at which our boys 
are sent to our schools of higher learning, and the inadequate pre- 
paratory training which they obtain previous to their entrance upon 
their college or university course. 

In Europe the great universities are not intended for mere boys, 
but for young men who have chosen their career in life, who, being 
of advanced age and well matured minds, do not require close and 
vigilant supervision, such as is absolutely needed by boys of sixteen. 
In England also we find all over the land the celebrated schools 
(equal to our colleges), Eton and Rugby, immortalized by having been 
presided over by the great Arnold, and many others of similar char- 
acter ; and in Germany the gymnasia, which furnish as complete an 
education as the best of our close colleges do ; and before a student 
can enter one of those great universities he must have pursued a 
course at these schools and gymnasia, which secures a degree of 
mature preparation generally unattainable in this country, except in 
our colleges, by reason of the inferiority of our preparatory schools. 
In a word, at those great universities the number of professors is very 
large, and this provides against any conflict of studies and hours of 
attendance, while provision is also made for having private teachers 
attached to these professorships, who aid students by examinations 
and assistance. 

This reference to the universities of Europe is made for the reason 
that the open system of this country professes to take them as the 
model, while this view of the two systems shows them to be altogether 
different in organization. If there existed around our universities an 
extensive system of fine high schools or preparatory colleges, as in 
England, or of gymnasia, as in Germany, then it would be decidedly 
preferable to throw all our students, when they come to the universi- 
ties, upon their individual preferences, without any system of classes 
or prescribed courses. But it is hardly to be expected that we shall 
very soon be furnished with such a system of preparatory colleges. 
We conclude therefore that for the present condition of things, in an 
educational point of view, in our country^ which we must believe will 



Appendix. 1 3 

not for a long time be changed, the best system is that of parallel 
courses, obligatory in the studies prescribed for each, but elective as 
to the course. While we adopt the general outline of the Michigan 
system, we vary the nature and character of our courses, and the title 
and style of the degrees attached to each course. We respectfully 
recommend then, as our plan for the reorganization of this institution, 
the following system : 

Let there be four courses of study established for undergraduates 
as follows : 

I. The course for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, known as the 
Classical Course, with the following curriculum of study : 



English, 


Metaphysics, 


Botany. 


Latin, 


Ethics, 


Physics, 


Greek, 


Logic, 


Chemistry, 


Mathematics, 


Political Economy, 


Mineralogy, 


Rhetoric, 


Evidences of Christianity, 


Zoology, • 


History, 


Declamation and 


Astronomy and 


French or 


Composition, 


Geology. 


German, 







This requires four years to complete, as it is in existence now in 
all our institutions of learning. We begin with this because it is the 
basis of all true liberal learning, and constitutes the indispensable 
foundation of a thorough education, being specially called for in the 
professions. 

II. The course for the degree of Bachelor of Science, requiring the 
following studies : 

English, French, Geology, 

Latin, Mathematics, Physics, 

Logic, Chemistry, Astronomy, 

Ethics, Mineralogy, Declamation, 

Metaphysics, Botany, Composition. 
Political Economy, 

This course is designed to meet the wants of those who wish to 
become druggists, practical chemists, and manufacturers, and requires 
three years for its completion. 

III. The course for the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, with the 
following curriculum of study : 



English, 


Botany, 


Astronomy, 


History, 


Physics, 


Chemistry, 


Ethics, 


Mathematics, 


Composition, 


Logic, 


Mineralogy, 


Declamation. 


Metaphysics, 


Geology, ' 





14 Appendix. 

This third course is designed for such as intend devoting their 
lives to agriculture and the mechanic arts, requiring only a thorough 
knowledge of the English language, dispensing with the ancient and 
modern languages, and may be completed in three years. 

IV. The course for the degree of Civil Engineer, embracing the 
studies following: 



English, 


Botany, 


Astronomy, 


French, 


Physics, 


Engineering, 


History, 


Chemistry, 


Composition, 


Mathematics, 


Geology, 


Declamation. 


Mechanics, 


Mineralogy, 





This schedule explains itself; and it is apparent from a bare in- 
spection of it that no one should claim the title of an accomplished 
and scientific engineer who should have been destitute of a knowledge 
of the above-named sciences. To complete this course requires four 
years. 

It may not be amiss to state that when it is said that any one of 
these courses requires a certain number of years for its completion, 
we mean that if a student begin his course here such a number of 
years will be required to enable him to master the necessary studies ; 
but he may join any part of the course for which he is found prepared, 
and complete the course at a correspondingly earlier period, and in a 
shorter time. Furthermore, a student will be expected to study such 
parts of his selected course not in a class expressly made for him, but 
in some one of the established classes which may be pursuing those 
parts at a given time. For example: if a student come to take his 
course in Engineering from the beginning, he finds that the first-year 
or Freshman students of the Bachelor of Arts course are pursuing 
English and Mathematics, and a third study is pursued at the same 
time by some other class at the point where he needs instruction ; so 
that he carries on his studies in two classes at once, and it might be 
even in three, and manages to do so without interruption, provided 
the number of instructors be sufficient to prevent a conflict of hours. 
This illustrates the meaning of the phrase parallel courses. And as it 
happens that the same studies belong to two or more different courses, 
the courses are made identical wherever the studies are the same ; and 
when they reach the studies that are peculiar to each they separate, 
and the student pursues his studies in a difierent but parallel course. 

It may be asked how it is that a course which omits the ancient 
languages altogether should require for its completion as much time 
as one that includes them. The simple answer is that the study of 



Appendix. 1 5 

the peculiar subject which the student is pursuing occupies as much 
time itself as is given to the omitted studies. This is the case with 
the A. B. and Engineering courses. 

Such is a description in full of these four courses which prop- 
erly belong to undergraduates. There remain two others which are 
designed as post-graduate courses ; and to the first of these we give 
the name the Master of Arts Course; to the second the Doctor of 
Philosophy Course. With regard to the firsts many of our oldest and 
best institutions were for years in the habit of conferring it on grad- 
uates of any respectable institution of three years' standing, or even 
of two, who possessed a good moral character. This was called con- 
ferring the degree in course. Happily this custom is fast becoming 
obsolete, and now a course of special study is made necessary in all 
reputable institutions in order to its attainment. This is just what 
we propose at this Institution. All the studies of the course for the 
degree of Bachelor of Arts are required as preliminary, and one addi- 
tional year of study must be pursued. In other words, the degree 
of Master of Arts will be conferred on none but graduates in the 
Bachelor of Arts course, either here or elsewhere ; and then in addition 
the candidate must devote at least one year of study to certain parts 
of advanced courses, which will be provided by the Faculty, and pass 
an examination satisfactory to the Professors with whom he has been 
studying, besides presenting a written thesis on some subject of the 
course he has been pursuing. 

As to the second of these post-graduate courses, that leading to the 
degree of Doctor of Philosophy., it is quite common in the German 
universities, and this degree is conferred only upon those who, having 
accomplished themselves in all branches of preliminary learning, have 
added to this the continued study of specific branches for the space 
of four years. But in our plan it is intended that, having taken the 
Bachelor of Arts course, the student shall continue two years longer 
in the pursuit of the studies he may prefer, so as to make himself an 
accomplished scholar, and qualify himself for a professorship in some 
of the higher institutions of learning. A thesis will also be required 
of the candidate for this degree. 

We thus propose a system or scheme of organization in the Depart- 
ment of Science, Literature, and the Arts which it is believed will 
meet the wants of the country, and which, if vigorously and wisely 
carried out, will render the University a most popular, attractive, and 
useful institution. I warn the Board, however, that for the complete 
accomplishment of the scheme no small amount of effort and of means 



1 6 Appendix. 

will be required. Let us nevertheless boldly go forward and do our 
whole duty in the premises, without being deterred by the magnitude 
of the enterprise, or the forebodings of the timid and irresolute, and in 
the end we shall be enabled to triumph over all the difficulties which 
may oppose ; and having placed the University side by side with the 
greatest and best of American institutions, with an area of usefulness 
wide and annually extending, we shall be satisfied that the results 
achieved fully warranted the expenditure of all the time and means 
bestowed upon the scheme. 

Our first care must be to enlarge the Board of Instruction. We 
have at this time in the Department of Science, Literature, and the 
Arts eight Professors, including the Chancellor, who is Professor of 
Moral Science and Christian Evidence, besides three assistant in- 
structors. But it will be seen that in order to carry the scheme pro- 
posed into successful effect, an addition of five Professorships must be 
made, one of which, the chair of Civil Engineering, is already estab- 
lished, but vacant. 

The following will be your staff of instructors when the scheme is 
complete : 

1. A Chancellor, who will instruct in Moral Science and Christian 

Evidence. 

2. A Professor of Mathematics. 

3. A Professor of Greek. 

4. A Professor of Latin. 

5. A Professor of English Literature. 

6. A Professor of Modern Languages. 

7. A Professor of Metaphysics and Logic. 

8. A Professor of History and Political Science. 

9. A Professor of Physics and Astronomy. 

10. A Professor of Chemistry in all its branches. 

11. A Professor of Mineralogy and Geology. 

12. A Professor of Botany and Zoology. 

13. A Professor of Civil Engineering. 

Besides assistants in all departments which may from time to time 
demand them. 

I am aware that so extensive a scheme may seem formidable when 
the state of our finances is considered. But such is the necessary 
arrangement for the full accomplishment of the plan for reorganiza- 
tion, whether it shall be at once carried into full effect at this time or 
postponed. I am not in favor of any delay in its adoption as your 
scheme. The utmost that seems to me admissible as a modification 



Appendix. 1 7 

of the scheme is a consolidation of some of these chairs temporarily ; 
but the chairs should be understood to be established, and only wait- 
ing the proper time to be filled. 

We are about entering upon an experiment hitherto untried in 
Mississippi ; it will no doubt therefore be the part of a wise discretion 
to put into actual operation only such a number of Professorships as 
may suffice to meet actual demands. Looking to this as our guide, I 
would suggest that instead of filling thirteen chairs at once, we fill 
only eleven, merging the duties of the chair of History a?zd Political 
Economy in the chair of Metaphysics^ and the duties of the chairs of 
Geology and Mineralogy and of Botany and Zoology in a single 
chair, to be styled the chair of '"'' Natural History and Geology ^ Thus, 
by filling the Professorship of Civil E^tgineering, which is already one 
of our established Professorships, now vacant, and by establishing the 
chair of Modern Languages and filling that, and establishing, as above 
recommended, the chair of Natural History and Geology and filling it, 
you will be fiirnished with eleven distinct Professorships, and these, 
with assistants to be appointed as may be required, will enable us to 
perform the work demanded for perhaps some years to come. With a 
single additional remark I pass from this point. Let it be kept steadily 
in view that these chairs, how many or few soever may be established, 
shall be filled by none but men of the first order of talent and ability 
in their several specialties. 

A topic in close connection with this subject of enlargement of our 
scheme, and demanding, as you are already aware, your serious con- 
sideration, is the financial condition of the University, and its ability 
to provide for the proposed reorganization. It is not my province to 
make suggestions to a Board of Trustees, eminent as many of this 
Board are in the department of finance, as to pecuniary matters. But 
I trust it may not be considered presumptuous should I go somewhat 
into detail on this point, so far as simply to demonstrate the feasibility 
of effecting the desired revolution in our system. 

In the first place, let us consider our wants. To sustain a Faculty 
consisting of eleven Professors, including a Chancellor, at the salaries 
recently fixed by the Board, we must have the following annual amount 
of funds : 

Salary of Chancellor 3,000 

Ten Professors' salaries, at $2,500 each 25,000 

Besides salaries for three Assistant Instructors 3,000 

Making in all fourteen Instructors $3 1,000 

2 



1 8 Appendix. 

The foregoing is simply for the corps of instructors. But there is also 
needed additional funds to pay for the services of other officers, as 

For salary of Secretary and Proctor 1,500 

For salary of Treasurer 500 

2,000 
To this amount as before 31,000 

Whole amount of salaries $33,000 

In the next place^ let us consider the present income of the Uni- 
versity : 

Interest on original amount belonging to Seminary fund 11,000 

Annual appropriation made by the Legislature 20,000 

Tuition, which has never been less than 6,000 

Income from all sources $37,000 

The endowment of the Law Chair (not included in the above) is 
$2,000 annually. 

In the above schedule of the requirements of the University I 
have included nothing except the salary account. But I need not 
remind you that a sum, varying in amount annually, will be always 
required to pay for labor of various kinds ; to purchase materials for 
various uses ; to pay for printing, advertising, postage, stationery, etc., 
the exact amount of which it is impossible to estimate at this time. 

If I am correct, however, you will have a margin of $4,000 left 
after paying all present salaries, including three new chairs. Now, 
even supposing this to be true, it will immediately occur to a prudent 
man that it would be unsafe to rely upon such a margin if anything 
is to be attempted beyond providing for present wants. But then the 
very scheme proposed necessarily implies an increased expenditure 
for accompanying necessities involved in the accomplishment of it. 
We have now only seven residences for the accommodation of the 
families of Professors and no suitable house for the Chancellor, while 
you have decided recently to furnish each member of the Faculty with 
a residence. You must then build, sooner or later, four residences 
for Professors in the Faculty of Arts and one for the Professor of Law, 
or purchase, as may be decided best. You need a new building for 
the Library and collections in Geology, Zoology, and Mineralogy, and a 
Gymnasium, besides a building for the Law Department for a Lecture- 
room and Law Library, and besides an annual appropriation for the 
increase and improvement of the libraries, both Literary and Law 
(in addition to the amount, $5,000, recently appropriated to that pur- 
pose), which will enable us to keep abreast of the current literature 
of the day in all departments of science and professional learning. 



Appendix. 19 

I hope it will be understood that I allude to this subject with great 
deference to the superior judgment of the Board, and I only venture 
upon it because it seems necessary that, in a great scheme like this, 
everything that is involved in it should be brought fully into view. I 
am brought to this point then when I must say that the present 
income of the University is wholly inadequate to enable us to carry 
out fully the scheme of reorganization as herein before described. 
Nor can I admit this scheme to be extravagant in its conception or in 
its details. Nothing less than this will suffice if we design placing 
this institution upon an elevation commensurate with the advanced 
progress of education and the demands of modern life. 

I will add that any design lower than this is unworthy of a great 
state such as Mississippi is undoubtedly destined to be, and is un- 
worthy to be entertained by patriotic and high-minded men who are its 
appointed guardians. You will then perceive, if you agree with me, 
that we must look to the legislature of the state for an increased 
appropriation in order to carry out the plan here proposed. I venture 
the assertion that instead of the present appropriation — which, includ- 
ing the endowment of the Law Professorship, amounts to $33,000 
annually, we shall need for five or ten years at least $50,000, and prob- 
ably more, to place the University on a proper basis. 

I proceed now to the second branch of this subject, viz. : 

II. Department of Professional Education. 

Without this department no institution can justly be regarded a 
university in any proper sense. We have had connected with this 
institution, for about fifteen years, a department of Law a?td Govern- 
mental Science, and under its three Professors who have during that 
time had charge of it — Messrs. Stearns, Trotter, and Lamar — it has 
graduated in all about one hundred students, who have been engaged 
in the practice of the profession with at least the usual average of 
success. But this department has never been placed upon that broad 
foundation, nor furnished with those facilities and advantages necessary 
to its highest development as a professional school. It should not be 
regarded as having attained its just proportions until it shall have 
been manned with a Faculty of from three to four Professors, as is the 
case at Michigan University; at Columbia College, New York; at 
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts ; at the University of 
Virginia ; and other schools of high repute. Our learned Professors 
who have had charge of the department here have done a noble work 
when we consider the contracted sphere of their operations; but it 



20 Appendix. 

was not in their power to achieve impossibilities, and it was certainly 
impossible for one man, or even two, to perform the work required in 
building up a complete Law School of the highest order. 

Another department of professional education, of equal if not 
greater practical value to the country, is the department of Medicine 
and Surgery. We have had a beginning, and a very good beginning, 
of a Law School, but I am not aware that the idea of organizing a 
Medical Department here has ever been seriously entertained. There 
have been two alleged difficulties in establishing a Medical School 
elsewhere than in a large city : firsts the difficulty of procuring human 
subjects for dissection, in giving instruction in anatomy and kindred 
topics, except in cities ; second, the want of hospitals anywhere else 
where clinical instruction could be obtained. Yet it would seem that 
at Charlottesville, Virginia, connected with the University there, a 
Medical School is conducted and largely attended. This place is not 
more favorably situated for such purposes than is the town of Oxford. 
There is also a Department of Medicine and Surgery in the University 
of Michigan, located at a small city, Ann Arbor, which is attended 
annually by from three to four hundred students. These difficulties 
are obviated by railway facilities, conveying subjects with expedition 
from the great cities to any point in the interior, as well as by the fact 
that anatomical preparations and models can be procured now repre- 
senting every part of the human frame, and these serve as the appa- 
ratus of the science. With regard to clinical instruction, why may 
not infirmaries be established in connection with medical colleges, 
where patients may be kept and treated by the professors, open to the 
admission of medical students ? If I mistake not, such is the case at 
some of the universities which have a medical school connected with 
them. I repeat then that it is thought by some whose judgment is 
worthy to be respected, that there is at least as much need of this 
department of professional education as there is for the Department 
of Law. Be that as it may, we can not err very widely to say that 
both are necessary to the complete organization of a University. 

III. Department of Preparatory Education. 

It was made a part of the duty of your committee to consider the 
subject of Preparatory Education as connected with the University. 
It has been with me always, since my administration began, an object 
of the utmost importance to establish a university high school, for 
the double object of preparing students for the University, and, by 
including in its curriculum certain practical studies, to furnish a 



Appendix. 2 1 

business or commercial training for many who desire nothing else. 
I have up to this time failed in impressing others with its importance 
as I was myself impressed, and we have been forced to attach to the 
Universit}^ a preparatory class taught by the professors as a substitute. 
The theory is that we save to the University in this way many students 
who come unprepared for our University classes ; and who, if we did 
not receive them, would go elsewhere. And another advantage alleged 
is that the fees from these students (which of course belong to those 
who perform the work) serve to increase the income of some mem- 
bers of the Faculty, which was inadequate before, and not large 
with even this addition. But I contend that all the advantages to 
the University claimed for this preparatory class can be secured far 
more effectually by a high school under the control of the University 
authorities. The evils which now attend the arrangement in opera- 
tion would be avoided ; and as to increased remuneration, the liberal 
provision recently made by the Trustees, whereby the salaries of the 
Faculty have all been increased by five hundred dollars, renders this 
idea unnecessary as an argument, even if it were deemed admissible 
at all. My plan then is this : . establish as soon as possible near 
Oxford, but not less than one mile from the University Campus, a 
high school, with primary, intermediate, and academic departments 
or sections. Erect a large substantial brick building upon the most 
approved plan for school purposes. Place at the head of it as presi- 
dent a man of the first order of qualifications, and provide for furnish- 
ing all the assistance that may be necessary. Give to the curriculum 
a range sufficiently ample to cover all the ground from the elements 
of the English tongue to the studies preparatory to the Freshman 
class, or such as would fit a student for the active business of life. 
Place this high school under the direction of the University author- 
ities, and let it be the duty of the Chancellor to give it his personal 
supervision as an integral part of the University course, and let him 
be considered the presiding officer of the Faculty of the High School, 
as he is of all other departments of the institution. I do not doubt 
that, with a high school thus organized and properly managed, we 
should secure all those students who present themselves for admission 
into the University classes unprepared, who can not now be induced 
to join the town school. They would feel that in this high school 
they were really in one of the departments of the University, and the 
respectability thus added, to the school would make it attractive to 
distant patronage. I would then make the certificate of the president 
of this school a passport to the University. If I am asked what we 



22 Appendix. 

gain by this, I answer, better prepared candidates and more of them \ 
and they would be trained in the very channel prescribed by our 
university system. We would avoid the intermingling of such young 
boys with the University students, always attended with unfavorable 
results. We would thus find an element of mischief and insubordina- 
tion removed which has interfered not a little with the preservation of 
correct discipline. 

I have now gone over the ground which seemed to me to be 
occupied by the various topics assigned for investigation by your 
committee. You are in possession of my matured views. They are 
not new to me. They have not been adopted hastily, but after long 
years of careful study, experience, and observation. On a review of 
what I have written I see nothing to retract. I see no middle ground 
to take between contenting ourselves with the present status of the 
institution, continuing to hold it as a close college — a good one, if 
you will, but nevertheless only this and nothing more — and boldly 
advancing to the consummation of our long-cherished scheme of a 
great University, opening its halls to every class of candidates for 
education that should be educated here, and meeting the precise 
wants of all who seek mental culture. I would suggest but a single 
additional idea to the course above indicated in the Department of 
Science, Literature, and the Arts. It is this: let it be understood 
and allowed that students who do not wish to pursue any one of our 
four courses, if prepared to enter the University, may pursue selected 
studies for such a length of time as they may choose ; provided they 
are not expecting a degree, and provided the studies they select shall 
not require a change of any Professor's hours of lecture or recitation. 



IV. The Agricultural College. 

It may be deemed premature that I should introduce this subject 
into this discussion when we are not yet in possession of the funds; 
nor has the legislature as yet made any decision as to the location of 
the institution. But I do it merely to call attention to the thought 
that if this institution should be joined to the University, in whole or 
in part, the funds arising from the sale of the congressional donation 
of lands would go to some extent in carrying out our scheme of 
enlarging the Faculty. I call the attention of the Board of Trustees 
to a fact in the history of this institution which seems to have passed 
out of the memory of many at this day. The geological survey of 
Mississippi was originally connected with a chair of " Geology and 



Appendix. 23 

Agriculture" at the University of Mississippi, but owing to causes 
not necessary to mention the Board of Trustees recommended the 
legislature to repeal the act endowing the chair. Now, in the estima- 
tion of those most competent to judge, this step on the part of the 
Board was undoubtedly a grave error, inasmuch as it deprived the 
University of one of the chairs endowed by the legislature which, 
properly filled, would have been one of the most useful and popular. 
I trust that measures may be adopted by the Board to have it restored, 
and that the State Geological Survey, of which it was originally a part, 
will be continued. 

In conclusion, should the Board of Trustees adopt the plan herein 
developed for a change of the system of the institution, the minute 
details involved in its actual operation will be properly committed 
to the Faculty, who will be expected to inaugurate the scheme at 
the earliest period consistent with existing arrangements, and with the 
public demand. 

Respectfiilly submitted in behalf of the Faculty, 

JNO. N. WADDEL, Chancellor. 



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